Assurance

CSRD before the 2026 EU “Omnibus” and the Italian “decreto Omnibus” (effective in practice from 2026): a rigorous comparative analysis

Executive summary The EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) framework before the 2026 change is essentially the CSRD Directive (EU) 2022/2464 as it amended the Accounting Directive (2013/34/EU), with a phased-in (“waves”) application schedule starting from FY 2024 for large “public-interest entities” (PIEs) already in the former NFRD perimeter, then

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sustainability reporting accesso al credito

Sustainability Reporting and Access to Credit: What Banks Expect from SMEs

In recent years, the relationship between sustainability and finance has shifted from a reputational dimension to a structural risk-return variable. For Italian SMEs, this shift is particularly significant: access to bank credit remains the primary source of financing, but evaluation criteria are evolving. ESG performance, environmental, social, and governance, is

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How to Build a Reliable and Compliant Sustainability Report

Sustainability reporting has become, in recent years, one of the key tools for European companies wishing to demonstrate transparency, accountability, and a forward-looking vision. With the introduction of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the level of preparation required from companies has increased significantly. For many organizations, especially SMEs, the

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Standard VSME

VSME: The New ESG Standard for SMEs – Key Benefits

In recent years, sustainability has become a key factor in business success. However, for many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the sustainability reporting requirements imposed on large corporations represent a significant hurdle. To address this need, the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) has developed the Voluntary Standard for non-listed

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materiality

The Concept of Materiality in Sustainability: Definition and Importance for Businesse

In the evolving landscape of sustainability reporting, the concept of materiality takes on a central role to ensure transparency and accountability. Materiality allows companies to identify and disclose the most relevant information regarding their impact on the environment, society and their financial sustainability. The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) introduced

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Assurance

Limited vs Reasonable Assurance in CSRD: Differences and Business Impacts

The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) introduced new reporting requirements for companies, providing for a gradual transition from a “Limited Assurance” to a “Reasonable Assurance” on the sustainability of the information disclosed. This article explores the differences between these two levels of assurance, what they mean for companies subject to

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ESRS

Mandatory ESRS Sustainability Reporting: A Guide for European Businesses

With the entry into force of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the European Union has taken a significant step towards integrating sustainability into business processes. This new regulatory framework introduces the obligation for European companies with more than 250 employees to draw up a sustainability report compliant with the

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ESRS 2

5 Key Questions to Understand ESRS 2 Sustainability Reporting

1. What is the main objective of ESRS 2? ESRS 2 sets out sustainability disclosure requirements applicable to all undertakings, regardless of their sector of activity. It covers reporting areas and minimum requirements related to policies, actions, targets, and metrics to ensure transparency and compliance with sustainability principles. 2. What

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